Discovering the Things that Make Us Human: Evolution of the Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Finding the Things that Make Us Human: Evolution of the Brain There is an amazing assessment among numerous individuals that people are the most astute and complex creatures on earth. Our capacity to utilize language is coordinated by no different species. It bodes well to expect that whichever attributes of the human cerebrum arent controlled by different creatures, explicitly primates, our nearest developmental family members, are the ones answerable for the obtaining, creation, and perception of language. As the moderately new field of neuroscience creates, researchers are starting to contemplate the transformative connections of mind association and capacity with an end goal to comprehend the areas of the cerebrum answerable for language, unique idea, and self-articulation. This control, known as Paleoneurology, inspects the improvement of the primate cerebrum (1). Paleoneurology has its underlying foundations in the fields of nervous system science, paleoanthropology, and primatology. There are two techniques utilized by Paleoneurologists to consider mind development: the assessment of fossil skulls and endocasts, and relative primate neuroanatomy (2). The investigation of the development of the cerebrum is valuable, since it takes into account a comprehension of the birthplaces of the auxiliary contrasts among people and different creatures - essentially, what makes us human. As per the fossil record, the first cerebrum structure showed up in quite a while around 500 million years back. The elements of this hindbrain included breathing, heart beat guideline, balance, essential engine developments, and searching abilities (1). A fascinating pattern with regards to mind advancement is that more developed species will in general protect the structures answerable for fundamental practices. At the end of the day, advancement is the way toward securing an ever increasing number of complex structures, not just the expansion of various structures. Thusly, the cutting edge human mind contains the crude hindbrain area, frequently called the protereptilin cerebrum (1), and it is the seat of principal homeostatic capacities. The significant structures found in this locale of the cerebrum are the Pons and Medulla. Around 250 million years after the presence of the hindbrain, another area known as the paleomammalian mind emerged. This locale comprises of the hippocampu s and cerebellum and is frequently alluded to as the limbic framework. As may be normal, this district is related with progressively complex capacities, for example, enthusiastic, sexual, and battling practices (1). The freshest and most complicated territory of the mind, the cerebrum, was first evolved around 200 million years prior. The profoundly tangled surface of the cerebrum is known as the neocortex.

Literary Analysis on an Excerpt from A Summer Life Essay

At the point when individuals are confronted with the risky choice among good and bad, and have picked an inappropriate choice, they regularly fight the blame that destroys them a while later. In a portion from his self-portraying account, A Summer Life, Gary Soto thinks once again into his past when multi year old self submitted a robbery. He accomplishes a clever recounting the story because of the new viewpoint that he has as a grown-up using likenesses, symbolism, and embodiment. After completing the taken pie, he starts to play with his Frisbee and he analyzes it shadow â€Å"like the shadow of a holy messenger escaping awful deeds. † The peruser gets a feeling that he feels blameworthy for what he has done, and he wishes that he could escape from the current circumstance. He gradually and uninterestedly runs after the Frisbee just as the pie is overloading him. Not exclusively is t burdening him genuinely, yet intellectually too. He recognizes what he had done wasn't right and that causes him to have some interior clash. Alongside the utilization of a comparison, Soto utilizes symbolism to visual show his blame. The picture of his face â€Å"sticky with guilt† delineates an image of Soto being extremely blameworthy for what he has done, so liable that it transforms into a type of distrustfulness. He accepted that everybody had realized that he had taken the pie. The gold-shaded pie filling that covered his face was some way or another the teller of every one of his privileged insights. This likewise adds to the funniness in light of the fact that the peruser realizes that no one knows or presumably minds. The peruser can see that grown-up Soto doesn't consider it to be being a serious deal too. He is deriding the whimsical mindset he had towards the circumstance and is interested that he really disapproved so truly. Not exclusively is his blame set up through his distrustfulness, yet in addition through the unfilled pie tin â€Å"glaring at [him]. † The pie tin is embodied by having the human attribute of glaring. Soto utilizes this representation to emphasize the blame that multi year old Gary is feeling. Glaring is a demonstration typically done by a parent that realizes that their youngster has accomplished something incorrectly. At the point when it is finished by a lifeless thing, there is an inclination that they have truly failed. Indeed, even these callous elements appear to have the option to separate among good and bad. Soto has developed and gotten some new knowledge which had made him change his view on the issue. He shows this through his employments of analogies, symbolism, and representation to add a funny tone to the blame that had gobbled him up when he was a youthful, multi year old kid. Soto has given us that point of view changes after some time and the issues that we may confront while we’re youthful will be viewed as a little senseless when we are more seasoned.

How to Create a ServiceScape Profile That Gets Results

How to Create a ServiceScape Profile That Gets Results When you enlist your services as an online freelancer in todays digital age, you have to go above and beyond to outshine the competition. With more than 35% of Americans participating in the gig economy to some degree, its safe to say that youre competing against some top-tier talent out there.Thats why it is important to optimally present yourself and your skill set so that clients can be convinced of your worth. We are going to focus on your profile, which is the starting point for every interaction on ServiceScape, and delve into how to clearly communicate what clients want to hear.Your ServiceScape profile contains the following information (in no particular order):DescriptionHeadshot PhotographPortfolioVideo IntroductionCredentialsUsernameRatings and ReviewsPricesThe more effort you put into each and every one of these profile elements, the more successful you will be at attracting clients.A shopping experience always begins with presentation. Think of it this way: when clients come to ServiceScape, their initial interaction is similar to going to a bookstore and browsing book covers that catch their eye. As design expert Sabrina Smelko puts it:They say not to judge a book by its cover, but who are we kidding? Its undeniable that the cover of a book affects your decision to either read on or put it back on the shelf. In todays visual culture, this can be even more true for anyone who runs any kind of business, whether online or brick-and-mortar.With so many visuals coming at us from our computers, phones and various feeds â€" let alone the world outside our doors â€" it seems were almost expected to have a cool logo and visually-rich branded content in order to even be noticed. And regardless of whether you want to succumb to this fact or not, as exhausting as it can be, its hard to deny that a first impression can have a huge impact and influence on your business; which, much like a book cover, can determine the number of customers who open the door.Sabri na Smelko, Tips Tricks for Creating a Customer-Catching Storefront DisplayEssentially, your profile is your book cover and is the first step for convincing clients to learn more about you and what you have to offer. We are going to break down each element of your profile, why it is important, and how to curate it to your personal advantage.Lets get started.DescriptionYour description is the brief paragraph that communicates who you are, what you can offer, and what clients can expect from working with you. Equipped with a character limit, its up to you to fit as much information as possible into a concise, witty, and informative blurb. If you are not a writer/editor, its worth considering editing services to ensure your description reflects proper grammar, syntax, and spelling.We recommend, at the very least, that you include the following:Three areas of your expertiseWhat you can promise clients every single timeYour own personal catchy tagline. Something like Lets get to work.Aft er writing your description, you should reread it from the perspective of a client. Is the description written with enthusiasm and energy? Does it connect with you and what you need as an imaginary client? In other words, would you hire yourself? If the answer is no, keep working on it until you are satisfied with the results.Tip #1: Check out other professionals descriptions. See whats working for them. Although you cannot plagiarize, theres no harm in getting a little inspiration from the other people in your field.Headshot PhotographNext, although your description will communicate exactly what it is you can offer clients, your headshot photograph will be the first piece of media they glance over when they discover your profile. Humans are visually oriented, which means headshots can make or break your profile.Here are our tips for what you should consider when picking a headshot:Every headshot must be high resolution; grainy quality automatically tells a buyer that you are unprof essional.Smile and look pleasant; relatability is important and no one wants to work with a grouch.Here is an example of a good headshot photograph. The photo is high resolution and the individual is friendly and engaging.Although headshots may vary depending on your area of expertise, its worth it to see a professional photographer and to get a real headshot taken. Blurry photos taken by phones and laptops will be noted, communicating to clients that you are not serious about how you present yourself or your freelance business.Be sure to check out the competition. What seems to be the best headshot move for the most successful professionals? This is a good indication of where you should go with the headshot.Tip #2: A little analytics testing is an easy way to find a photo that works best for you. Compare your inquiry results over a 3-month period, with a different photo each month. Which photo performed the best?PortfolioNow that you have a brilliant headshot and descriptive blurb in place, its time to focus on what demonstrates your skills and expertise. Compiling a portfolio that accurately reflects what you can offer clients will take time. Be sure you have approval from past clients to include their works in your public portfolio â€" its not always proper to go ahead and plaster business names from past projects.Remember: people dont have a lot of time today. They are going to sift through your profile quickly before they decide to choose you. That means that quality over quantity is what you want to focus on here. If you provide three different types of writing services, highlight just one piece from each area of expertise. Obviously, spend time reading over the piece extensively to ensure that there are no typos before you use it in your profile.Lastly, as time goes on, one, two, or three years can fly by while youre freelancing online. Update your profile to reflect your most recent work. If you keep showcasing work from a few years ago, clients will s tart to wonder if you are hiding something. Never get complacent!Tip #3: Remember, humans are visual creatures. Try and make your portfolio fun to look at, with eye-popping color and contrasting fonts. You dont want to make freelancer shopping feel like a mundane chore for clients.Here is an example of a great portfolio. You should make your portfolio stand out by uploading sample files that are captivating and attention-grabbing.Video IntroductionThis is a great place to let your personality shine through. In many cases, buyers might skip over the portfolio and description and go straight to the video. Why? Because they are on the go, hoping that you will speak to them so they dont have to read about you. Its just the way of the digital world today.Video introductions dont have to be Hollywood masterpieces. They can be you at a desk, providing a background on your services in just 30 seconds. Whatever you send over, well do our best to improve it on our end before we add it to your profile. Well edit your video and add music so that it is entertaining and informative. However, bonus points for those who can edit their own videos to create a more professional setting.At the very least, in your video introduction, try to include:A simple introduction: Hello, and thank you for looking at my profileWhat you can do for clients on ServiceScapeHow long youve been freelancing (only if you are not a new freelancer)A couple of interesting facts/tidbits that make you seem charismatic, funny, or interestingIts definitely worth investing in video production services to get this video introduction just right. An impressive video can boost your profile popularity tremendously.Hiring a video production service is a smart idea. High-quality video content will allow you to build trust by providing a face and a voice to your freelance venture within a professional setting.CredentialsIf a video introduction represents one side of the selling yourself spectrum in which charisma c ount for a lot, credentials definitely represent the other side. This is where clients will learn about what you have specifically done and how that specifically applies to what they need.A ServiceScape credential contains just the name of a position/degree and the institution where you held that position/received that degree. Nothing more and nothing less. This allows a client to quickly glance though your experience and expertise without any sales pitch and to get to the core of what you do best.You should select your credentials carefully, making sure that each one makes a case for why you are an expert in your field. The listed order of your credentials is also important. If you have a Ph.D., dont have your B.A. degree as your first credential.UsernameYour username is the brand name for your freelance business. This is going to be the largest piece of text within your profile, so making it stand out is a priority. The catchier and more creative your username is, the more likely it is that you will capture the interest of potential clients. As Arun Bhati, CEO of Orahi, stated in Entrepreneur.com:Good names, like good logos, evoke a strong passion for your brand, while bad names elicit distaste or worse still, indifference. A great brand name can be a solid competitive advantage for your company, especially when feature sets between two or more brands are roughly the same. A brands value is what it offers its customers and what it promises to do for them in the long run and must convey its uniqueness in a way that the customer is drawn to use it just by the mention of its name.Arun Bhati, Why Brand Name is Important for Start-Ups?Some professionals use their first names as their usernames. Though it does make your profile more personable, a username can also convey your professional capabilities. When deciding on your username, take a look at your competition first and see how they approach this issue.Tip #4: Coming up with a witty username can be difficult. Even if you find a username that you like, the idea could already have been taken by another ServiceScape professional. The best thing to do if you are out of ideas is to try a business name generator. There are many generators out there that you can try. After using a few of them, you should be able to find a username that is a unique and memorable representation of your services.Ratings and ReviewsThis is where your client interaction skills will shine through, whether you want them to or not. Thats why its so important to practice proper customer service with every single client, no matter how you feel about them. At the end of the day, they get to review you publicly, and that goes on your profile. Other clients will be able to read it. Go above and beyond, especially during your first few projects, to impress your clients. A stellar review can easily grab you another five projects.Review volume will give veteran freelancers an advantage. However, if you are new to ServiceScape dont worry. Building a client base takes time. With enough commitment and dedication, you can rack up the same number of reviews as those ahead of you today.PricesLastly, your profile is where clients can mull over your prices. If you dont know how to price a service, we recommend the following suggestion:Find five sellers in your field who seem to be dominating. Add up their rates and divide by five. Use that number as your initial rate for starting out.As time goes on, you can always increase your prices. You never want to come in so high that no one wants to buy from you, though. But, do be careful of coming in too low and giving off the impression that your work is sub-par or that you are desperate for clients.What you get out of your ServiceScape profile is entirely up to youNo, you dont have to cross your fingers and pray that a client comes your way. You can actually lure them to your services if you follow our tips for curating a professional profile. Spend some time, resea rch the competition, and remember to never get too complacent! Its normal to fine-tune things every few months.Need more help? Here are some great resources which I would recommend:Alex Fasulo â€" Learn How to Make Money from HomeDiana Marinova â€" Freelance Coach Marking ConsultantFreelancer Profile: 5 Steps To Making A Killer Impact

Islam Is A Religion Of Violence - 1965 Words

In the article â€Å"Islam Is a Religion of Violence†, Ayaan Hirsi Ali discusses the long-debated question of whether Islam is a religion of violence or peace. Islamic terrorism was brought to the forefront of American and Western awareness on September 11, 2001 with the crash of the twin towers. More acts of terrorism committed by Muslims followed throughout the years in different parts of the world. To understand the cause of Islamic terrorism, Ali divides its adherents into three categories: the fundamentalists or the â€Å"Medina Muslims† who envision a regime based on Islamic religious law, the clear majority or the â€Å"Mecca Muslims† who are not inclined to practice violence or even intolerance towards non-Muslims, and Muslim reformers or†¦show more content†¦A year after moving to the U.S., she established the Ayaan Hirsi Ali Foundation to help protect women in the West against â€Å"militant Islam†. The author’s efforts to strive for her goal and the recognition she received shows she has gained the public’s attention and takes her stance against Islam seriously; however, despite the background, her writings on criticism of religious texts are still debatable and unsuccessful. The article, â€Å"Islam Is a Religion of Violence†, is organized in a manner that makes it easy to follow the argument. The author presents a question and then attempts to answer it, but it is evident the conclusion is already decided from the title. This bias dictates the critical tone on the analysis of the Islamic texts. It also leads to a strategic use of words and exclusion of critical information to appeal to the particular audience of Muslims and non-Muslims who have some knowledge of Islam. It is interesting that the author makes an important distinction â€Å"between Islam as a set of ideas and Muslims as adherents† as the statement creates a logical fallacy against her thesis. It can be inferred that the religious texts are only writings on paper; the people who follow the ideas interpret it to be peaceful or violent. From the beginning of the article, the author’s argument creates a contradiction. Furthermore, it is acknowledged with the separation of Muslims into three groups that the problem is Islam’s followers andShow MoreRelatedIslam : A Religion Of Violence1885 Words   |  8 PagesThe Refuting of Islam being born a Religion of Violence There are those in the world that maintain that Islam is a religion born of violence, but many scholars, including Timothy Rowe and William T. Cavanaugh, maintain that Islam was not a religion born of violence instead a religion that was born into a violent culture. This thesis by both scholars allows for the interpretation of Islam that looks not only at the actions of today, but also at the historical foundations of Islam from its birth inRead MoreRefutation Of Islam Being Born A Religion Of Violence .1996 Words   |  8 PagesRefutation of Islam being born a Religion of Violence There are those in the world that maintain that Islam is a religion born of violence, but many scholars, including Timothy Rowe and William T. Cavanaugh, maintain that Islam was not a religion born of violence but a religion that was born into a violent culture (Rowe 2015, Cavanaugh 2013). This thesis by both scholars allows for an interpretation of Islam that looks not only at the actions of today, but also at the historical foundations of Islam fromRead MoreReligion And Violence Is Currently One Of The Most Recurrent1623 Words   |  7 PagesReligion and violence is currently one of the most recurrent themes authors write about due to the numerous terrorist actions that consistently occur. These incidents raise multiple questions that the authors of the articles tried to answer by treating different aspects that intersect with religion and violence such as politics and terrorism. The authors of these articles share a lot of ideas and assumptions while simultaneously disagree on ot hers and try to explain certain aspects differentlyRead MoreIslam Religion Of Peace Or War Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesIslam a Religion of Peace or War Introduction: After the crisis of 9/11, the religion of Islam has raised a number of controversies. More specifically, the issue of Islam as a harmonious religion or not. In the last fifteen years, after 9/11, there has been multiple disputes among those believing Islam as a religion of peace, and those who believe otherwise. With any debate, numerous questions spring up to force the majority to believe their beliefs are the truth. Some of the questions orRead MoreIslam By Vincent J O Malley929 Words   |  4 PagesToday, word of â€Å"Islam† connected with more terrorism and violence. Here, article â€Å"Islam† by Vincent J O’Malley explains about what is Islam in real sense. According to O’Malley, connection between world second largest religion Islam and terrorism makes very different and negative scenario towards Islam religion in the world population. He explained Islam through different question related religion and philosophy in the article. He started with Muhammad’s life and his background with first questionRead MoreUnderstanding Islam1309 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Understanding Islam† by Kenneth Jost, pg. 172 – 176 Islam is an ill-perceived religion throughout most of the Western world. Once known as a quiet and peaceful religion, the general perception of people from other religions and most of the world upon Islam is quite distorted. Ever since the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, an influx of discrimination and prejudice towards Islam and Muslims has spread throughout the world. In â€Å"Understanding Islam,† by Kenneth Jost, an article aboutRead MoreEssay about Islamic Religion1745 Words   |  7 PagesIslamic Religion Islam has been characterized inequitably by historians and the media as a religion of violence. Islam was mainly spread through Arab territorial conquests. Upon examination, it is not fair to make the generalization that Islam is a religion of violence. One can see when looking at world religion on a whole that Islam was no more violent than any other religion. In fact, not only is Islam not a fundamentally violent philosophy, but we can also see that many other religions normallyRead MoreIslamic Reform Since 9/111184 Words   |  5 Pages The religion of Islam garners large amounts attention. Many believe it is a violent and backwards religion. Since 9/11, Islamic reform has become an all-purpose phrase: equally a western impulse to protect itself from Muslim violence and a humanist notion aimed at assisting voiceless Muslims (Eteraz1). Extreme displays of Islamic faith such as the attacks on the World Trade Center on 9/11 have generated negative stereotypes about Islam as a relig ion. These stereotypes of violence and backwardsRead MoreEssay on The Terrorists Attack on the World Trade Centre in New York1205 Words   |  5 Pagesabout Islam and Muslims. Moreover, Islamic concept â€Å"Jihad† is criticized and it is questioned among Non-Muslims. 9/11 attack not only effects non-Muslims but also the Muslims who have no connections with the terrorist groups. As well as they do not support these terrorism. These Muslims face the hatred of the non-western people. They feel guilty about the Sin, they neither commit nor support. After 9/11, The Muslims all over the world called as terrorist and Islam is considered as religion whichRead More The Media and Mass Misinterpretation of Islam Essays893 Words   |  4 PagesThe Media and Mass Misinterpretation of Islam As the cross is the symbol of Christianity, the Star of David the symbol of Judaism, the Crescent Moon and Star are supposedly the symbols of Islam. Islam at its core is a peaceful religion, which like many other religions over the ages has at times been misunderstood not only as to the values it preaches, but also in relation to its core beliefs. Although in today’s post September 11th world Islam and its followers, who are also known as Muslims

Cultural Anthropology A Microcosm For The World We Live

Anthropology is a science that fascinates me, and is what inspired me to take the Introduction to Cultural Anthropology course at UMKC. It is one of the most expansive fields in terms of what it covers, and is constantly uncovering new information that is applicable to peoples globally. It does come with a very challenging task however, and that is possessing the power to change mindsets, beliefs, stereotypes, politics, economies and societal norms. Seth Holmes’s book is a microcosm for the world we live in. Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies exposes the crude reality of produce farm work in America and brings to light issues that can be expanded beyond the cases of these migrant workers, to migrant and foreign workers all over the world. This essay will relate Holmes’s novel with the course material I have reviewed over the semester. In it, I will present the examples of race and ethnic biases and stereotyping, the effects of migrant work on politics and political views, and h ow the American economy exploits and profits from this system with unwillingness to modify. Perhaps the biggest issue that hinders our understanding of migrant work is racial and ethnic biases. The ‘American Dream’ that we know today was built by the labor of slaves and immigrants. Americans like to think that our ancestors created this great country justly and without suffering, but one could argue that America has not advanced much past the days of its founding. At times we are all guilty of assuming thatShow MoreRelatedClara Han And Joao Biehl1415 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat value in the specific. Each individual is a microcosm into the world of the general. Clara Han and Joao Biehl have both validated this ideology (that the micro can give us perspective into the macro) with their studies of individual families and institutions within a society, and by doing so have shed light onto the structure of the appropriate culture and/or society. Clara Han conducted work in Chile by observing Sra. Flora and her family, who live in an impoverished neighborhood, for eight yearsRead MoreCybersex10501 Words   |  43 Pagescam, respectively). Cybersex is commonly performed in Internet chat rooms (such as IRC, talkers or web chats) and on instant messaging systems. It can also be performed using webcams, voice chat systems like Skype, or online games and/or virtual worlds like Second Life. The exact definition of cybersex—specifically, whether real-life masturbation must be taking place for the online sex act to count as cybersex—is up for debate. It is also fairly frequent in online role-playing games, such as MUDs

Health Care Policy Issue- Stem Cell Free Essays

Policy Topic: Stem Cell Research Health Care Policy: The Past and the Future: HCS/455 A very controversial subject in the United States has been Stem Cell research. The United States has a very complicated legal and political history when Stem Cell laws and policies come into play. Scientifically speaking, the practice of stem cell research and treatments consists of the use of cells found in all multi-cellular organisms. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care Policy Issue- Stem Cell or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two different types of stem cells, adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells, each come from different places. The difference is that adult stem cells are derived from mature body tissue (bone, marrow, umbilical cord, etc. ) and embryonic stem cells are derived from human embryos. The argument or controversy comes mainly from the way embryonic stem cells are obtained. During vitro fertilization a pregnant woman may choose to have an abortion in which the embryo dies (NIH, 2010). Many religious groups and bioethicists are against this practice because they believe this constitutes killing a potential human being. Researchers have countered these people, saying that the embryo would have been destroyed anyway and the stem cells that live on may have the potential to save lives indirectly through research and directly through therapy (NIH, 2010). Before 2009 the Stem Cell policy in the United States was heavily regulated by a bill President Bush put into place that banned federal funding of research using new stem cell lines in 2001. To be clear, there has never been a law State or Federal that banned stem cell research in the United States, but only placed restrictions on funding and use under Congresses power to spend. In the United States, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been tasked with creating and enforcing guidelines that pertain to stem cell research and treatments. These guidelines created by NIH are backed by federal law. The NIH has published these guidelines known as â€Å"National Institutes Guidelines for Human Stem Cell Research. † These guidelines can be summarized as a set of policies and procedures under which the NIH will fund such research, and help ensure that NIH-funded research in this area is ethically responsible, scientifically worthy, and conducted in accordance with applicable law. President Barack H. Obama issued Executive Order 13505: Removing Barriers to Responsible Scientific Research Involving Human Stem Cells on March 9, 2009 which succeeded over President Bush’s executive order that created barriers for the research of stem cells. President Obama addressed the public saying (The White House, 2011): â€Å"Today, with the Executive Order I am about to sign, we will bring the change that so many scientists and researchers; doctors and innovators; patients and loved ones have hoped for, and fought for, these past eight years: we will lift the ban on federal funding for promising embryonic stem cell research. We will vigorously support scientists who pursue this research. And we will aim for America to lead the world in the discoveries it one day may yield. † Instantly one should notice that the stakeholders involved in stem cell research is very broad, from patient to researchers anyone who is concerned with the advancement of stem cell research is be considered as a stakeholder in stem cell policies and research. Stakeholders are individuals or groups in a society who are directly involved with or indirectly affected by the development of stem cell research. President Obama did a great job addressing all the stakeholders in his speech. Specifically, one could say patients are the largest benefactor or stakeholder in stem cell research policies. These patient groups are in alignment with the medical community which makes for the most visible of all stakeholders in stem cell research. Motivation is driven by promises of cures and treatments for diseases made by medical professionals, scientists and researchers. Reference Lee, Jesse. (2009). The White House: Signing of Stem Cell Executive Order. The White House. Retrieved from http://www. whitehouse. gov/blog/09/03/09/A-debt-of-gratitude-to-so-many-tireless-advocates/ NIH. (2011). Federal Policy. Retrieved from http://stemcells. nih. gov/policy NIH. (2011). National Institutes of Health Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research. Retrieved from http://stemcells. nih. gov/StemCells/Templates/StemCellContentPage. aspx? NRMODE=PublishedNRNODEGUID=%7bA604DCCE-2E5F-4395-8954-FCE1C05BECED%7dNRORIGINALURL=%2finfo%2ffaqs%2easpNRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#guide How to cite Health Care Policy Issue- Stem Cell, Essay examples

Impact of Historical and Emerging Trends Relating to the E-commerce

Question 1: Advise GOGAL Designs on their options for building their online business in-house with existing staff or outsourcing the entire operation. Outline for them which strategy you believe is in the companys best interest; explain why you chose that approach; and outline the estimated associated costs, compared with the alternative. Answer 1: It has been observed that GOGAL has been majorly used in clothing business. Till date, GOGAL does not have any knowledge or experience regarding the software programs and development. However, if GOGAL seeks to launch a website, it will require hiring knowledgeable and experienced software developers, programmers, software engineers and web developers from the market. According to Laudon (2014), it is crucial to appoint workforce with sound knowledge and experience for launching a new E-commerce website. Recruiting efficient and experienced software developers for meeting the previously stated requirements would lead to high cost of hiring. Additionally, the organization will require setting up the essential infrastructure in terms of asset, tools and software in order to develop an e-commerce website. It has been found that GOGAL does not have a background of developing software. Hence, it will need to take assistance from an external consultant in order to ensure appropriate setting up of the needed infrastructure. Therefore, once the e-commerce website has been developed and launched, the company needs to focus on appointing software engineers in order to maintain the entire system. The company needs to develop a customer support team and the responsibility of the team is to answer the queries raised by the clients. In the following table, the approximate cost for launching an e-commerce website for GOGAL is presented: Work Estimated cost Setting up of Infrastructure 20000 licensing of tools and software 6000 customer support team and website developers 5000 Testers and Developers 30000 cost of Maintenance 3000 monthly other costs 7000 Analyzing the above table, the total cost developing the e-commerce site for the GOGAL has been found. The total fixed cost of GOGAL is $ 26,000. It has been found that the monthly cost associated with salary as well as other cost will be summed up to approximately $ 12,000. It is evident when the e-commerce site of GOGAL will begin to function, then the company can discharge the web developers. Later, the company will be capable of hiring website developers on contract basis. Once the e-commerce site is developed, the contract with the web developers will be ended. On the other hand, if the company identifies the need for addition of new features in the e-commerce site of GOGAL in future, it will have to recruit new web developers for satisfying those needs (Tkacz, 2009). GOGAL has the potential for outsourcing its work to some external experts. It will help the company to avoid the issues regarding recruitment of personnel. In this case, the company needs to float a tender for obtaining requests and proposals from some other organizations which will be helpful in dealing with the development of e-commerce website. The estimated cost of outsourcing is presented in the following table: Work Cost ( Australian Dollar ) Testing and development of website 40000 Cost of Maintenance and Customer Support ( Annually) 50000 It can be clearly implied from the above discussion that, in case of GOGAL, outsourcing of the development of e-commerce website will be the most suitable option. The major advantage of outsourcing will be whenever, the company will require any changes in the website, it will be added to the site by providing the requirements to the company and paying the cost for it, Presently, there are several organizations that has outsourced the website development for e-commerce as it provides organized service at less cost as well as effort. Additionally, it enables the organization to manage their e-commerce website whenever they feel that they are ready for it. Question 2: During the early days of e-commerce, first mover advantage was touted as one way to success. On the other hand, some suggest that being a market follower can yield rewards as well. Answer 2: It has been found that, most of the time, the first mover in the market gets a benefit in terms of being fresh as well as ground breaking. If technology is accepted, it promises success. However, the acceptance of technology is reliant upon various factors. The factors include: availability of the technology, level of complexity, user friendliness and some other factors. Selling of books online was ideated by Amazon. The core model of Amazon focused on ensuring that the clients can locate the books of their preference as well as they can place the order instantly. From that time, Amazon had become the market leader in order to sell via online platform. Being the first mover, Amazon has capitalized huge benefits in offering wide range of books online. The model of Amazon has been adopted by other organization for selling their goods and service through an online platform. With the increase in competition, Amazon had focused on gaining greater market share. In order to become market le ader in terms of market share, Amazon has started to differentiate its product and service through the e-commerce site. eBay is a strong competitor in e-commerce and it has been giving tough fight to Amazon. Amazon has been encountering major competition from eBay in terms of offering electronic goods. Although Amazon still has many copyrights and patents, other companies have already discovered a way out and have been thriving by copying the idea of Amazon of online selling and have taken it to an entirely different level. Presently, the organizations are not only selling the goods, but also offering huge range of services such as financial, travel and tourism, consulting etc ( Gali, 2011). For example, Make my Trip is one of the most popular e-commerce sites for travelling and it has been offering wide range of travel and tour packages, ticket, hotel booking services etc. On the basis of the demand of the target group of clients, various travel companies are establishing business association with hotels and airlines. Various retail giants are also shifting to the virtual stores as they are losing market share. Hence, it can be observed that the first mover always gets significant benefit in the market. However, it must be noted that the followers also develop effective strategies leading to extensive competitive market. Followers get an opportunity to learn from the mistakes of others and therefore, develop their own business model which is effective. Hence, it can be stated that GOGAL need not be worried about the advantages of first mover. It need to focus on the developing an e-commerce site which will attract the target audience by offering wide range of products. GOGAL must consider that the various organizations are selling garments online. GOGAL need to undertake research on the companies for finding out their strategy and success factors. GOGAL should try to take as much points from its competitive companies as possible and they try to put all the positive points in its own strategy and thus grow. Reference : Gail, F., 2011. Globalization, Communication and the Workplace: Talking across the World. New York: Continuum. Laudon, K., 2014.E-commerce. business. technology. society. Pearson. Tkacz, E., 2009.Internet Technical Development and Applications. Springer.

Nuclear Independence Day Essays (1491 words) - Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear Independence Day Nuclear Independence Day Since July 16th, 1945 the first A-bomb was discover until today, unclear weapon are playing a major part of the 20th century's most reliable military defense system. Throughout the past five decades or so, many strong military nations like United State, Soviet Union (USSR), China, France, England . . . seems very interesting to invest nuclear weapon than any other military weapon. It seems like a country without nuclear weapon wills no longer deserves the title of Great Power! A country is defenseless without nuclear protection. Over the last 50 years, nuclear weapons were developed that dwarfed the 1945 bombs in destructiveness, and major military powers stocked their arsenals with these arms. Every year the world spends 3,500 trillion dollars to restock their nuclear weapon power. Every year the world spends half trillion dollar to protect the weapon from unnecessarily exploration and stolen . . . From 1992-1996 total of 79 nuclear emergency research was recalled to NEST (Nuclear E mergency Search Team) for help. Term like ?Broken Arrow?, ?Red Six? and ? Landlord Access Red? are becoming the most common nuclear weapon warning recall used in NEST and NASA . . . The explosive power of a nuclear weapon comes from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion, or both--in the case of the HYDROGEN BOMB. A typical small nuclear weapon has the explosive yield of tens of thousands of tons (kilotons) of the conventional explosive TNT; a large nuclear weapon might have the yield of a million tons (megatons) of TNT or more. A single nuclear weapon can kill hundreds of thousands of people, and when carried on a ballistic missile, can travel intercontinental distances in less than half an hour. The deployment of tens of thousands of these weapons, primarily by the United States and the Soviet Union, has threatened annihilation with little or no warning. The devastating effects of nuclear weapons, however, may actually have deterred their use. Strategic (long-range) nuclear weapons include land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and the bombs and cruise missiles carried on long-range bombers. Many strat egic ballistic missiles carry multiple warheads, called MIRVed missiles. Tactical nuclear weapons are shorter-range weapons allocated for regional use or for use in support of battlefield operations. France, Great Britain, and China each have small but significant nuclear arsenals, which include both strategic and tactical nuclear weapons. Israel is reported to have about 100 nuclear weapons. Other countries--India, South Africa, and Pakistan-- have the capability to make nuclear weapons. Iraq, Iran, and North Korea reportedly have made efforts to develop nuclear weapons. . . During the end of World War II, in November 1945 President Harry S. Truman decided to allow the bombs to be dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki because, he said, he believed they might save thousands of American lives. For maximum psychological impact, they were used in quick succession, one over Hiroshima on August 6, and the other over Nagasaki on August 9. These cities had not previously been bombed, and thus the bombs' damage could be accurately assessed. U.S. estimates put the number killed in Hiroshima at 66,000 to 78,000 and in Nagasaki at 49,000. Japanese estimates gave a combined total of 240,000. In 1960 Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev launched plans to supply Cuba with medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles that would put the eastern United States within range of nuclear missile attack. Khrushchev mistakenly assumed that the United States would take no action and when questioned denied that any missiles were being supplied to Cuba. By the summer of 1962, U.S. spy planes flying over Cuba had photographed Soviet-managed construction work and spotted the first ballistic missile on October 14. U.S. president John F. Kennedy consulted secretly with advisers, discussing options: invasion, air strikes, a blockade, or diplomacy. On October 22, Kennedy announced a naval blockade to prevent the arrival of more missiles. He demanded that the USSR dismantle and remove the weapons and declared a quarantine zone around Cuba, within which U.S. naval forces would intercept and inspect ships to determine whether they were carrying weapons. The United States was supported by other members of the Organization of American States. For several tense days Soviet vessels en route

Clay Walls essays

Clay Walls essays Some say that the United States is a salad bowl of race. People from all corners of the world have and will come to the United States, searching for freedom and opportunities. However, not only the good aspects of American life, but also the large, thick  gwalls h which are the stern realities full of hardships welcome the immigrants. Koreans are no exception. Kim Ronyoung describes a Korean immigrant family in her novel, Clay Walls. Haesu, the protagonist of the novel, face numerous  gwalls h while living in Los Angeles during the early 1900s. Integrating into the American culture is more difficult when there are significant  gwalls h that immigrants must overcome. Characters in the novel have to experience and surmount cultural, language, and immigration barriers to live in the United States. Immigrants entering in the American society come face to face with many barriers, due to the difference between American culture and their home country fs culture, that affect and change their values. The most notable  gwalls h is built between Haesu and her children, Harold, John and Faye. Her children are all born and brought up in the United States whereas Haesu is born and brought up the Korean traditional mindset. While Haesu desires her children to be  gKoreans h like she is, John and Faye are already well Americanized. For example, they show little respect to Haesu. Under Confucianism, Koreans respect their elders, following when and whatever they say. However, John and Faye talk back easily to their mother, which Haesu have never done before in Korea to her mother. John asks her  gwhy not (70)? h when Haesu  gorder[s] (70) h him to stop saying  gbitchin f. h Faye even  gdeclare[s] (62) h that she does not  gwant [Hae su] to curl [her] hair (62) h when Haesu is preparing Faye to go on board the ship. Not understanding the Americanized children, Haesu is confused with their rebellious attit...

Global Business Plan, Hallmark Greeting Cards in Spain Assignment

Global Business Plan, Hallmark Greeting Cards in Spain - Assignment Example Spain’s two main cities, Madrid and Barcelona have a good number of shopping malls in the towns and their outskirts. These shopping malls are popular among the majority of tourists visiting Spain. This potential new market presents Hallmark with risks like currency fluctuations, infrastructure, and another market risk. The company has analyzed Spain’s political-legal environment and come up with a global company structure to accommodate it. An international promotion strategy can give the company advantage over its potential competitors (Grover, 2007). The competition mainly consists of two companies, Stockwell Greetings, and International Greetings. Hallmark looks to utilize its brand’s strong presence in other European countries and its experience in global markets to have an advantage over the competitors. Industrial technology and chemical products are Spain’s top exports (Quora.com, 2014). The company has assessed the economic environment and forecasted the potential start-up costs involved. Start-up costs include takeovers and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Financing is to be done internally through grants (Quora.com, 2014). The market size for greeting cards in Spain is relatively large. It is that over 7 billion greeting cards are purchased every year. Total revenue generated from greeting card sales are said to be over 7.5 billion. 90% of Spanish households buy greeting cards every year. An average household purchases 30 greeting cards annually. Women account for a significant percentage of greeting card purchases. Women purchase over 80% percent of the total sales while Spanish men only buy greeting cards on special events (Grover, 2007). Greeting cards appeal mainly depends on a proper understanding of the customers’ culture. Translation errors brought up by direct translation have a significant

Business Changing Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Changing Environment - Essay Example Digital Equipment Corporation, Scotland, came into existence in 1983 as a small scale test facility for computer chips made in Hudson, America. Digital is one the largest computer manufacturing company in America and its plant in Ayr, Scotland, became the first overseas plant to launch worldwide distribution of computer system which was locally designed and developed. When assembling operations were added in 1985, there was impressive growth in the output of VLSI chips and the strength of the employees grew from 14 in 1984 to 470 employees in 1989. VLSI volume rose from 2000 per week to whopping 35000 per week in 1989 which were not only more complex and sophisticated in design but also comprised of forty different product types that needed to be packed in lots of batch sizes from 50 to 100!The plant is nonunionized and has 24 hours working schedule that is divided into three shifts with the total floor area of more than 25,000 square feet. Working conditions are generally good and t he skilled and non-skilled jobs are well defined and streamlined for smooth functioning. The hierarchal managerial supervision does not encourage much collective decision making. Employees in the operation and assembling units are trained for specific jobs and have no wider understanding or knowledge of the production processes. The work is repetitive with hardly any scope for individual growth. The organization singularly lacks effective communication and knowledge sharing processes.

Impact on international business negotiations

Impact on international business negotiations Cultures Impact On International Business Negotiations International Negotiations And Culture Nowadays there is not product or service that does not have any international mark in its story. According to Thomas, D. (2008:3) â€Å"virtually all business conducted today is global business. It is difficult to identify a product or service that is not somehow influenced by a cross-border transaction of some kind†. Czinkota et al. (2009:53) suggests that when a firm expands its operations across international borders, it acquires new customers and new partners in new environments. It is essential for the company to understand cultural differences and the way they manifest themselves and to determine similarities across cultures and exploit them in the formulation of strategy. The success in new markets is determined by the capability of the firm to adapt to the new culture. Patience, flexibility and appreciation of others beliefs are essential qualities. Unlike economic, legal, and political aspects of the country, which are recognizable, cultures effects are mostly hidden and difficult to observe. For this reason, Thomas (2008:11) states that culture is the aspect of the management context most often neglected. Even large multinational corporations like Unilever need to observe the cultural features in a new market before launching a product. For example, when Unilever decided to enter the Indian market, it began its business by spending weeks living in rural villages to spend time with locals and come in touch with their uses and customs. Doing this, it discovered that to sell soap to Indian women it had to develop differently its product. Because of the use of the women of this region to use the same soap for body washing as for shampoo, Unilever developed a low-cost soap that could be used for body and for hair. (Johnson et all. 2006:302) To deal with culture it is necessary to understand what it is and what it is made of. ASPECTS /COMPONENTS INVOLVED IN PARTICULAR INTO THE BUSINESS WORLD, IN RELACION CON EL MUNDO COMERCIAL Definition Of Culture Czincota et al. (2009:54) defines culture as an â€Å"integrated system of learned behaviour patterns that are characteristics of the members of any society†. Any society has interrelated and interdependent features that characterize the direction and guidance in all phases of human problem solving. Culture is dynamic in time and develops through interactions among groups of people, societies, regions and nations. The key to success in international operations is to adjust and adapt to a specific culture in order to understand and later satisfy its specific needs. This activity is called â€Å"process of acculturation†. Reseacrh in this field has demonstrated that culture affects peoples behaviour. Its internal elements as values and attitudes can influence the way a person approach new products and some companies might find necessary to adapt dramatically its goods to the societys requirements. These elements are: language (verbal or nonverbal), religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, material elements, aesthetics, education and social institutions (Maureen 2005: 42; Czinkota et al. 2009: 57). THE LATES PROVIDED A VERY USEFUL DEFINITION OF THESE ELEMENTS THAT CAN BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOW: 2.1. Language has been described by Czincota et al. (2009: 58) as the mirror of culture. Language capability serves three distinct roles in international business. Firstly, business meeting are aids by language knowledge. Speaking the national language would make the people more comfortable and inclined to make a deal. Secondly, it provides access to local society. It is reccomendable to become part of the market rather than observe it from the outside. Finally, language capability is increasingly important in company communications because using an interpreter takes long time and the manager could not be sure the message has been translated correctly. The company has to pay also attention at the different translations that a word could have in countries with the same language. For example, Goodyear has identified five different terms for the word â€Å"tyres† in the Spanish-speaking Americas: cauchos in Venezuela, cubiertas in Argentina, gomas in Puerto Rico, neumaticos in Chile and llantas in most of the other countries. Dealing with language invariably requires local assistance. Manager also must to analyse and becoming familiar with nonverbal language. Key topics are: time, space, material possessions, friendship patterns and business agreements (Czinkota et all 2009: 60).Following, this aspect will be applied at the Spanish culture. 2.2. Religion has an impact on international business that is seen in a cultures values and attitudes toward entrepreneurship, consumption and social organization.(SINTASSI) Although the impact of religion may be indirect in Protestant northern Europe, its impact in countries where Islamic fundamentalism is on the rise may be profound. .(Czinkota et all 2009: 60). 2.3. The differences in cultural values and attitudes affect the way planning is executed, decisions are made, strategy is implemented and personnel are evaluated. In some counties many middle-aged bureaucrats and company officials believe that buying foreign products is unpatriotic.(Czinkota et all 2009: 63). 2.4. Manners and customs: understanding manners and customers is especially important in negotiations, because interpretations based on ones own frame of reference may lead to a totally incorrect conclusion. To negotiate affectively abroad, all types of communication should be read correctly. For example, gift giving is one area where preparation and sensitivity are called for. (Czinkota et all 2009: 65). 2.5 Material elements: material culture refers to the results of technology and is directly related to how a society organizes its economic activity. Many US exporters do not understand the degree to which Americans are package conscious; for example, cans must be shiny and beautiful. (Czinkota et all 2009: 67) 2.6 Aesthetics: each culture makes a clear statement concerning good taste, as expressed in the arts and in the particular symbolism of colours, form and music. What is and what is not acceptable may vary dramatically even in otherwise highly similar markets. In Spain, for example, sex is a big selling point while Japanese in order to preserve the purity of their women use foreign models to make the point in provocative adverts. (Czinkota et all 2009:67). ESEMPIO PUBLICITA PROVOCATIVA IN SPAGNA 2.7 Education: education levels effect various business functions. For example, a high level of illiteracy suggests the use of visual aids rather than printed manuals. (Czinkota et all 2009: 68). In Lanzarote the labels of many products are written in Castellano, English and French to adapt to the mix of nationalities population †¦ of the island. (COME FACCIO LA REFERENZA?) 2.8 Social institutions: It affects the way people relate to each other. The family unit, which in Western industrialized countries consists of parents and children, is extended in a number of cultures to include grandparents and other relatives. This affects consumption patterns and must be taken into account, for example when conducting market research. social organization also determine the roles of managers and subordinates and how they relate to one another. In some cultures, managers and subordinates are separated explicitly and implicitly by various boundaries ranging from social class differences to separate office facilities. (Czinkota et all 2009: 68) Controllato Fino A Qua Spanish Culture This chapter analyses the main characteristics of Spanish culture paying particular attention at the Lanzarotes context. To understand a culture, one must first understand the people – where they come from, who they are the values and traditions they live by, as well as their customs and etiquette. (Graff 2006: about the series). Spain is a land of contrasts. A fascinating mixture of cultures, architecture, landscapes and climates, it is a country begging to be explored and offering newcomers as wide a choice of lifestyles, business opportunities and entertainment as any other country in Europe. (Graff 2006: vi) Spaniard love to gather together and talk. They are sociable people, generally vivacious, ready to enjoy a party and join in celebrations. They are passionate about their family, their conviction and their arts, but also enjoy modest pleasures such as a good meal with friends. Spanish temperament is strongly individualistic. (Graff 2006: 30) In Spain there is the usage to kiss people on the cheeks when meeting at an event or in the street. Foreigners must be aware of this customs and adapt to it. Women will kiss the men and the other women, but men will only kiss women. It is possible that at the end of a friendly conversation a man may give another man a big hug that it is just an expression of friendly feeling. (Graff 2006: 32) Settling In Spanish bureaucracy is a critical factor for foreigners and locals. Because of the slow administrative system, it could take also a day to get a simply permit. Patience will be tried to the extreme on occasion, and it must be learnt to remain calm and reasonable under quite severe stress. Spaniards find these long waiting a chance to do conversation and make new friends. (Graff 2006:57) Food And Entertaining Spaniards have a real veneration for food. A meal it is an expression of community spirit, to everyone meeting to enjoy the food and the company (Graff 2009:97). Language There are different languages and dialects spoken throughout the country. The local languages may create difficulties to foreigner when travelling from a region to another as road signs might be written in the local language. Castilian is the official language of Spain used by the majority of the mass media and also in official documents. However, Catalan, Galician and Basque are widely spoken in their regions (Graff 2006:140). Non-Verbal Communication Spaniards use non-verbal language more than British people. Particularly when speaking with foreigner, Spanish people wave their hands to describe or to emphasise what they are saying. Handshakes are never prolonged and only used at first introductions, after which kissing becomes the accepted form of greeting (Graff 2006: 143). MAÑANA Punctuality In order to do not have unpleasant hours of waiting it is necessary to understand what Spaniards mean with maà ±ana, (tomorrow). According to Spanish courtesy it is more acceptable to keep scheduling an appointment maà ±ana, even knowing there are just a few possibilities it will happen, instead of refusing it (Graff 2006: 145). Spaniards do nothing in a hurry. While they expect foreign visitors to be punctual for business meetings, they are lax about their own punctuality for social occasions or business appointments (Bosrock 2006: 399) Meetings And Business Lunches Spaniards prefers to do business face to face. For this reason, when it is possible, they like to arrange a meeting in a cafà © or a restaurant. Business meeting are frequent occurrences and likely to be noisy affairs where a foreign could probably be constantly interrupted. These kind of lunches tend to become lengthy affair. It is so advised to do not schedule any important appointment after the lunch (Graff 2006: 151). (Bosrock 2006: 393) Because of the richness of Spanish culture and history it is recommended to know some of the basic fact. Applying this to the Spain it results an useful list..: Its official name: Spain The collective name of its people: Spanish/Spaniards The language(s) spoken: Castilian (official), Basque, Catalan, Its presidents name: Zapatero Its political system: democracy Its currency: Euro Whether it belongs to the European Union (EU): yes Main events of the past century, (the more details you know, the better your conversation will be.) Current issues and event (Bullfighting, ETA, ) (Bosrock 2006: 20) What To Wear According to Bosrock 2006 (397) â€Å"appearance is extremely important to Spaniards, and they will judge you on how you look. Wearing high-quality designer clothing and accessories will suggest professionalism and social standing. Spaniards dress well, and their casual attire is smart casual It is recommendable to be aware about the Spanish tortura de la galanteria when loud comments are made about someone appearance as walking by someone Spanish. This must be taken as something simply complimentary (Graff 2009:152). Business Dealings With Spaniards Graff stances that ‘most foreigners say that they find doing business with Spaniards â€Å"straightforward† generally speaking. The ‘problems seem to arise from the Spaniards wish to enjoy what he happens to be doing at any particular moment with the frequent result that he will completely forget an appointment made a few days ago in order to pursue the business being discussed with the client sitting in front of him. One of the chief complaints voiced by many foreigners id ‘unpunctuality and, as this aspect of Spanish existence is much in evidence in all the spheres; you will need to learn how to deal with: Sudden change of plan Being stood up with no excuses whatsoever offered Business meetings dragging on with the result that you too, will be late for your next appointment (Graff 2006: 153). Spanish Corporate Culture (Bosrock 2006:400) Structure: conflict and stress exist in business between the old bureaucratic, authoritarian management style that managers over age fifty use and the new, more participative management style that younger managers use. The boss asserts authority and solve problems but in the real organizational structure that is social, people on the third or fourth level may have more actual power then those at the top. While subordinates accept criticism from the boss, theyre likely to resent criticism from colleague or outsiders. When reprimanded, a person often wont admit fault. Communication (Bosrock 2006:400) large companies conduct business in English and Spanis, but Spanish usually predominates. Check ahead to see whether youll need an interpreter. Spaniards may hesitate to express disagreement to your face; they believe that open disagreement is disrespectful, instead, they will discuss their disagreement with others, who will eventually pass it on to you. (Smiles dont always mean you have done well) Be Aware Spaniards are very proud people. Dont mistake their self-relaince and sense of worth as intolerance. Never embarrass anyone. Expect delays and procrastination. Spanish bureaucracy menas odd office hours, plenty of paperwork, seemingly random rules and regulations, and unhelpful staff. Spaniards dismissal of rules and regulations produces a constant crisis atmosphere Spaniards loyalty lies with people, not institutions. Especially For Women Spanish society is aggressively pursuing equality between the sexes. Nevertheless, machismo persist. Few working women are on the fast track; female lawyers and doctors are extremely rare. In addition, society expect even working women to be the primary caretakers of the family and home. progress for professional women has been slow, but educationally qualified women are gradually gaining acceptance in the business community. While Spaniards accept foreign businesswomen, its important that women immediately establish credentials and ability. Spanish men are charming. Be especially careful of making eye contact with Spanish man, whi may interpret your gaze as flirting. Although its rare to whistle at women, staring is common and acceptable. If someone stares at you, just ignore it. For dinner, dont dine alone in restaurants or bars. Its acceoptable for a foreign woman to invite a Spanish man to a business dinner, but she may have trouble paying for the meal. Spanish men expect to pay. If you want to pay, arrange payment with the wait staff beforehand. Working Hours Dati Popolazione Lanzarotegna Da Wikipedia that a company should understand before initiate any negotiation. Bases Of Negotiation In An International Business In markets such as China and Taiwan, companies such as KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken), McDonalds and other fast food entities dramatically changed eating habits, especially of the younger generation. The example of KFC in India illustrates the difficulties that companies may have entering culturally complex markets. Even though the company opened its outlets in two of the Indias most cosmopolitan cities (Bangalore and New Delhi), it found itself the target of protests by a wide range of opponents. KFC could have alleviated or eliminated some of the anti-Western passions by tailoring its activities to the local conditions. First, rather than opting for more direct control, KFC should have allied itself with local partners for advice and support. Second, KFC should have tried to appear more Indian rather than using high-profile advertising with Western ideas. Indians are ambivalent toward foreign cultures and its ideas may not always work well there. Finally, KFC should have planned for competition, which came from small restaurants with political clout at the local level. (Czinkota et all 2009: 56) Main Issues About International Relationships In Lanzarote On May 2009, the only English magazine on Lanzarote island, The Gazette, carried out a research about customer services quality on the island. It found out the quality level was very low due to the attitude of certain shop assistants and their unwillingness to assist customers and solve their problems. One factor that The Gazette suggested to take into account was the cultural divide. It took as example the fact that the Spanish do not say â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you† as much as the British do. As explained in the article titled â€Å"Service not included!†, in Britain it is common to sat these words around four or five times during the most simple transaction in a shop. As a result, what is normal in Lanzarote may seem brusque to a visitor on the island. (The Gazette 2009) Products are not just products: they become what they are as the result of their integration into particular context. For example, MD Food, a Danish producer of dairy products, marketed Havarti cheese in Spain that was physically the same marketed in Denmark. However, it did not think about the different uses and criteria of evaluation of the two different countries. While the cheese in Denmark may be eaten on black bread accompanied by milk, the souths European eat it on white bread and take it with wine. (Maureen, G. 2005) For this reason, it is highly recommended to carry out a research based on the probable use the consumer may do of a product. How To Do Business Across Culture Mention Artic spa (book about how an Artic spa should be sold) First thing to ask yourself: â€Å"Are my actions considerate and respectful?† (Bosrock 2006: 5). According to the article â€Å"Going native† published on The Gazette on April 2009, English people living on the island should â€Å"go native† and live day at the Spanish way in order to fully integrate with the local culture. The article suggest to firstly start the day with a traditional Lanzarotes breakfast, dress like local, and not like tourists, have fun like local and get ones self attitude right. (The Gazette: April 2009) How can a company explain and predict the behavior of people in a specific country ? From the management perspective, first at all, managers must ensure smooth interaction of the business with its different constituents and must assist others to implement programmes within and across markets. (Czinkota et al 2009: 73) The international managers task is to distinguish relevant cross-cultural and intra-cultural differences and then to isolate potential opportunities and problems. A good example is the Indian subculture in Britain McDonalds in Europe is an excellent example of how an organization has used an appreciation of culture as a competitive business advantage. When McDonalds restaurants first approaches France did have hard work. French activists attempt to destroy a McDonalds restaurant under construction. The French are a nation for whom good food and quality dining are cultural icons akin to the Eiffel Tower. Yet somehow McDonalds is thriving in France, with revenues second only to those in the United Estates . The company has about 950 restaurants in France, and in 2006 its sales in France grew by 8 percent, which is a pretty good growth for a county that treasures fine dining (Solomon and Schell, 2006)p.7 While maintaining a global brand, it has adapted it to be respectful of local tastes and values. Some of the restaurants have leather upholstery, and some have fireplaces and candles.( Solomon and Schell, 2006) it also developed relationship with local suppliers. McDonalds is thriving in Europe b ecause it gets the culture right. According to Maureen G, (2005) cultural differences are known to affect peoples purchasing behavior. For example, Scandinavian countries have much faster take-off rates for adopting new technical products such as DVD recorders or third generation mobile phones, than those of the big European economies such as Germany and Britain. For these reason technical products companies as Nokia could find Scandinavian countries a good place to test new products. One way is to employ foreign people of the same foreign country the company wants to expand in. in this way the company itself could use these international employees as example of what the new customers will be and in this way find out how they could approach the companys new product (before launching it on the market) Another way could be to organize long-term â€Å"holiday† abroad for some of the employees. In this way these employees will learn how the new potential customers behave and what they would really aspect from a product. In these period it could be possible to test and make changes to the product. (Maureen 2005: †¦) Bosrock suggests to approach international travels with the same attitude and behaviour used when attending a party in ones bosss home. the invited person would be sensitive, would dress appropriately and bring a suitable gift (Bosrock 2006: 4). To achieve success in international business negotiation it is imperative to show respect and consideration to others but to do this it is firstly necessary to learn about those people and their cultural features. The best method to learn is to observe, ask, listen and mainly try and make errors. (Bosrock 2006: 5) The Ten Things To Do Before Visiting A Host Country 1. Recognize and respect uniqueness. 2. Need basic knowledge of each countrys culture and history will greatly benefit you 3. Build relationships. 4. Never compare countries to one another or to your country. 5. Never judge another countrys political or social system. 6. Be patient. Business may be very different from your countrys. 7. Be flexible. adapt to the environment. Dont pretend others to adapt to your style. 8. Always be sincere. 9. Ask, look and listen. 10. Assume the best about people and their actions. Most behaviour is rational once we understand its rational. (Bosrock 2006: 6) Sources Of Cultural Knowledge Books, Movies, Exchanges, The concept of cultural knowledge is broad and multifaceted. Cultural knowledge can be defined by the way it is acquired. Objective and factual information is obtained from others through communication, research and education. Experiential knowledge, on the other hand, can be acquired only by being involved in a culture other than ones own. The more a manager becomes involved in the international arena, the more he or she is able to develop a meta-knowledge; that is, ground rules that apply whether in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, or Asuncià ³n, Paraguay. Market-specific knowledge does not necessarily travel well; the general variables on which the information is based to. (Czinkota et all 2009: 73) In a survey of managers on how to acquire international expertise, they ranked eight factors in terms of their importance (see appendix 1). The managers emphasized the experiential acquisition of knowledge. Written materials played an important but supplementary role, very often providing general or county-specific information before operational decisions were made. Interestingly, many of todays international managers have pre-career experience in government, the Peace Corps, the armed force or voluntary work. Although the survey emphasized travel, a one-time trip to New York with a stay at a very large hotel and scheduled sightseeing tours does not significantly contribute to cultural knowledge. Travel that involves meetings with company personnel, intermediaries, facilitating agents, customers and government officials, on the other hand, does contribute. HOWEVER, FROM THE CORPORATE POINT OF VIEW, GLOBAL CAPABILITY IS DEVELOPED IN MORE OAINSTAKING WAYS: FOREIGN ASSIGNMENTS, NETWORKI NG ACROSS BORDERS AND THE USE OF MULTi-country, multicultural teams to develop strategies and programs. At Nestlà ©, for example, managers move around a region (such as Asia or Latin America) at four- or five-year intervals and may serve stints at headquarters for two to three years between such assignments. Such broad experience allows managers to pick up ideas and tools to be used in markets where they have not been used or where they have not been necessary before. In Thailand, where supermarkets are revolutionizing consumer-goods marketing technique perfected elsewhere in the Nestlà © system are being put to effective use. The experience the, in turn, are used to develop newly emerging markets in the same region, such as Vietnam. (Czinkota et all 2009: 73) Other oversights may lead to more costly mistakes. for example, Brazilians are several inches shorter than the average Americans, but this was not taken into account when the US store Sears erected American-height shelves that block Brazilian shoppers view of the rest of the store. (Czinkota et all 2009: ) International business success requires not only comprehensive fact finding and preparation but also an ability to understand and fully appreciate the nuances of different cultural traits and patterns. Gaining this interpretative cultural knowledge requires ‘getting ones feet wet over a sufficient length of time. Over the long run, culture can become a factor in the firms overall success. (Czinkota et all 2009: 75) Research has shown that the take-off point for new products (i.e., when initial sales turn into mass-market slaes) is six years, on average, in Europe. However, in northern Europe new products take off almost twice as fast as they do in southern Europe. (when will it fly? The Economist , 9 August 2003, 51) It is important to position the product as a continuous innovation that does not require radical changes in consumption pattern. (Steenkamp and Hofstede, 1999) Since the United States higly regards individualism, promotional appeals should be relevenat to individual empowerement. also messages should be informal and friendly. In opposite situations, marketing communications have to emphasize thet the new product is socially accepted. However, if the product is imported it can sometimes utilize global or foreign cultural positioning. For example in China, individualism is often used for imported products but almost never for domestic ones. (Czinkota et all 2009: 77) Understanding the implications of the dimensions helps businesspeople prepare for international business encounter. For example, in negotiating in Germany one can expect a counterpart whi is through, systematic, very well prepared, but also rather dogmatic and therefore less flexible and willing to compromise. Efficiency is emphasized. In Mexico, however, the counterpart may prefer to address problems on a person and private basis rather than on a business level. This means more emphasis on socializing and conveying ones humanity, sincerity, loyalty and friendship. Also, differences in the pace and business practices of a region have to be accepted. (Czinkota et all 2009: 77) Adjusting to differences requires putting ones own cultural values aside. The following analytical approach is recommended to reduce the influence of cultural bias: 1. define the problem or goal in terms of the domestic cultural traits, habits and norms. 2. Define the problem or goal in terms of the foreign cultural traits, habits and norms. Make no value judgements. 3. Isolate the self-reference criterion influence in the problem and examine it carefully to see how it complicates the problem. 4. Redefine the problem without the self-reference criterion influence and solve for the optimum-goal situation. This approach can be applied to product introduction. If Kellogs Co. Wants to introduce breakfast cereals into markets where breakfast is traditionally not eaten or where consumers drink very little milk, managers must consider very carefully how to instill the new habit. In France, Kelloggs commercials are aimed as muchat providing nutrition lessons as they are at promoting the product. In Brazil, the company advertised on a soap opera to gain entry into the market because Brazilians often emulate the characters of these television shows. ( Czinkota et al 2009: 78) The increase in the overall international activity of firms has increased the need for cultural sensitivity training at all levels of the organization. Further, todays training must encompass not only outsiders to the firm but also interaction within the corporate family as well. However inconsequential the degree of interaction may seem, it can still cause problems if proper understanding is lacking. Consider, for example, the date written as follow: 11/12/04. A European will interpretate this as the 11th of December; an American as November the 12th. Some companies try to avoid the training problem by hiring only nationals or well-travelled individuals for theit international operations. This makes sense for the management of overseas operations but will not solve the training need, especially if transfers to a culture unfamiliar to the manager are likely. International experience may not necessarily transfer from one market to another. The foster cultural sensitivity and acceptanc e of new ways of doing things within the organization, management must institute internal education programmes. The programmes may include: 1. Culture-specific information (data covering other countries, such as video pack and culture grams); 2. General cultural information (values, practices and assumptions of countries other than ones own)and 3. Self-specific information (identifying ones own cultural paradigm, including values, assumptions and perceptions about others). One study found that Japanese employees assigned to the United States get mainly language training as preparation for the task. In addition, many companies use mentoring, whereby an individual is assigned to someone who is experienced and who sends time advising and explaining. Talks given by return

“Wine of Astonishment” Analysis

Setting In  The Wine of Astonishment, the setting is very significant as it gives the reader a better understanding of the background and atmosphere of the story. The story is set over a twenty year period somewhere between nineteen thirty two and nineteen fifty one. It is in a small, remote village in Trinidad called Bonasse where everything takes place. The setting is one of the best techniques in a story, as it has the power to make us feel like we are actually in the story and watching everything take place right before our eyes.The village setting is surrounded by African folk culture which is seen by the stick fighting and chantwell traditions, the communal pride in Bolo's prowess over Ivan Morton's achievements. By this rural setting the reader has to consider their way of life seen by Eva's plantain crushing to the calypsos by light of the flambeau outside Buntin's shop as well as their economic background which at that time was predominantly agricultural with the plating o f cocoa and sugar. It also makes the characterization more intimate where we see love between Joyce and Clyde.The events more symbolic such as the Spiritual Baptist religion which plays a pivotal part in the story. Characterization EVA Eva is the narrator of the story ‘Wine of Astonishment’. She is the wife of Bee and the mother of five. Eva lives in the village of Bonasse with Bee and the three younger of her children. She is of African descent and is of the Shouter Baptist faith. She is a very religious woman and she believes all things happen for a reason. She believes that God gives them all their trials and tribulations because they can bear them.She is a loving mother as she tells her son Reggie that even though he failed his examination, he still had his life in front of him. Her motherly nature is also shown when she was worried about Joyce, her daughter, and Clyde’s relationship. Eva and Bee have been married for twenty-three years and are very close to each other. Eva tries to help Bee by convincing him that they could bear their burdens and convincing him that Ivan Morton would help them. She also tells him that while they do not have as much as others, they have the necessities, and need no more. BEE Bee is the leader of the Shouter Baptist Church in Bonasse.He is married to Eva and has five children, three of which lives with him and his wife in Bonasse. He is of African descent. He is often burdened by his position, yet he cannot simply leave, he must go on, as seen when Eva narrates in page 3, â€Å"†¦and maybe he want to say to hell with the church, to hell with Ivan Morton, to hell with everything, but he can’t get out the web, he must go on hoping. † Ivan Morton was in the Council for Bonasse and Bee sacrificed for him to be there, however Ivan Morton was doing nothing to help the Shouter Baptists and that frustrated Bee greatly.He is very religious and hates the fact that they could not worship God in t heir own way but had to abide to the laws. He relies on his wife, Eva, as his confident and supporter. She helps him to get back up when he is down. Bee seems to be very wary of letting his last son, Reggie, to go to high school because he fears what it may make him. Narrative Technique The story is told in first person, as the narrator is known to be Eva a main character of the play.The first person narrative, captures the attention of the reader in an early stage of the piece of literature, understanding and wanting to understand the situation that the narrator would currently be involved in . We look at the story through her point of view and see the turn of events as they occur through her eyes. Most of the story is written in dialect, as it would be the way that Eva, the story teller would commonly be speaking. It also encourages the readers to be in favor of one party(s) in the story, not having the input of another narrator or that of an omniscient narrator, who would not giv e the story only one point of view.This narrative technique is very useful in capturing the reader’s attention as it helps him/her (as the case may be) get a better grasp into what’s going on within that person’s life and having full access to that person’s most private thoughts and feelings. As it is in Eva’s case, we see her life and struggles within herself, causing the reader to take a special interest in Eva and to empathize for her in whatever situation she is facing, as she describes it to the reader(s).

Music : Expressionism

‘Prettier' from five orchestral pieces is an atonal (no significant key signature) Expressionist piece of music written by Austrian composer Schoenberg (who is associated with the expressionist movement of the early twentieth century and was the founder of the second Viennese school of music). It was composed in 1909, written for a big orchestra, made up of mainly flutes oboes clarinets and bassoons.Additionally some other brass instruments and percussion play in the piece such as the trumpet, trombone, xylophone, cymbals and bass drum. Prettier' can be described as a very intense and restless piece of music with many quick changes in speed, mood and instrumentation. The translation of Prettier into English is ‘ a sudden change in fortune†, which perfectly describes the nature of this piece. One factor which makes ‘Prettier' a clear example of expressionist music is the instrumentation.In this piece the instruments are often played at the extreme of their regi sters, heightening the dramatic style which sets the stage for this expressionist piece of music by including extreme contrasts in the dynamics, which an be seen in the score of the piece where Schoenberg marks from ‘up' to ‘if. Another two factors which portray the genre of this piece are the constantly changing textures and unusual structure; there are many motifs which are changed throughout the piece however there is no concrete main melody.It is made out of complicated melodic fragments which are based on 6 notes from 12 different semitones in a scale, known as hexachord, which are almost in rondo form (abaca.. ) where the same melodic idea returns many times. The ‘a' theme, which returns more than twice, are each very different to each other and described as ‘almost unrecognizable'. This creates a sensation of unawareness , a feeling of unpredictability and suspense for the listener, we never expect what we will hear next.The idea of using free rondo fo rm is used to bring the same atmosphere, mood and feel of a motif rather than the exact, precise copy of notes. An example of a hexachord in this piece is the recurring hexachord in bar 8 , ( a, b flat, c , c sharp, e , f) laded as a motif and chord by the horns Each different section of the piece varies in length swell as the continuously varying textures and tempos. Schoenberg frequently changes the speed within Prettier. He uses a lot of different note lengths ranging from deem-semiquavers to semibreves.This use of constantly changing tempos, melodies and dynamics heightens the dramatic nature of the piece making it very exciting for the listener! The timbre, pitch and harmonies of this piece are very particular to the style of expressionism. The dissonant harmonies and clashing sounds throughout this piece create discomfort for the listener and are successfully used to convey the desired emotions of the composer, which he was aiming to express through his music.As well as the su dden and extreme changes in dynamics and rhythms in this piece, the textures vary as well. This piece has a contrapuntal texture with moments of polyphonic and homophobic textures too; ranging from a solo flute to the whole orchestra playing which provide possibilities of creating dramatic moments of climax thin the song, once again conveying deep emotions and conflict, fitting perfectly into the expressionistic genre.The melody in Prettier is fragmented and is played by all the instruments at different times throughout the piece, known as ‘agglomeration's' (tone-color melody). Additionally the melody is very angular and distinct and often uses repeated notes or short motifs, which enhances the uncomfortable feeling for the listener. Schoenberg plays with the timbre of this piece, with quick, sudden changes between families of instruments such as the brass ND woodwinds; which in result varies the sound of the piece making it more unusual and unpredictable.Prettier perfectly fi ts into the category of expressionism through the exiting use of changing dynamics, tempos, harmonies, textures, orchestral devices, melodies and rhythms, making this piece exiting and vibrant to listen to every time. Each time it is played new moments are found that were previously unknown to the listener, bringing something new to its audience each time it is heard, whether it be emotional or categorical, thus evidently fitting into the genre of expressionism.

Becoming a Chemist Years of School and Steps to Take

Chemists study matter and energy and reactions between them. Youll need to take advanced courses to become a chemist, so its not a job you pick up right out of high school. If youre wondering how many years it takes to become a chemist, the broad answer is 4 to 10 years of college and graduate study. The minimum education requirement to be a chemist is a college degree, such as a B.S. or Bachelor of Science in chemistry or a B.A. or Bachelor of Arts in chemistry. Usually, this takes 4 years of college. However, entry-level jobs in chemistry are relatively scarce and may offer limited opportunities for advancement. Most chemists have masters (M.S.) or doctoral (Ph.D.) degrees. Advanced degrees usually are required for research and teaching positions. A masters degree typically takes another 1 1/2 to 2 year (total of 6 years of college), while a doctoral degree takes 4 to 6 years. Many students get their masters degree and then proceed to the doctoral degree, so it takes, on average, 10 years of college to get a Ph.D. You can become a chemist with a degree in a related field, such as chemical engineering, environmental science, or materials science. Also, many chemists with advanced degrees may have one or more of their degrees in math, computer science, physics, or another science because chemistry requires mastery of multiple disciplines. Chemists also learn about laws and regulations related to their area of expertise. Working as an intern or a postdoc in a lab is a good way to gain hands-on experience in chemistry, which may lead to a job offer as a chemist. If you get a job as a chemist with a bachelor degree, many companies will pay for additional training and education to keep you current and help you advance your skills. How to Become a Chemist While you can transition from another career into chemistry, there are steps to take if you know you want to become a chemist when youre you. Take the appropriate courses in high school. These include all college-track courses, plus you should try to get as much math and science as possible. If you can, take high school chemistry because it will help prepare you for college chemistry. Make sure you have a solid understanding of algebra and geometry.Pursue a bachelors degree in science. If you want to be a chemist, the natural choice of a major is chemistry. However, there are related majors that can lead to a career in chemistry, including biochemistry and engineering. An associates degree (2-year) might land you a technician job, but chemists need more courses. Important college courses include general chemistry, organic chemistry, biology, physics, and calculus.Gain experience. In college, youll have the opportunity to take summer positions in chemistry or to help with research in your junior and senior years. Youll need to seek these programs out and tell professors youre interested in getting hands-on experience. This experience will help you get into graduate school and ultimately land a job.Get an advanced degree from a graduate school.  You can go for a Masters degree or doctorate. Youll choose a specialty in graduate school, so this is a good time to know which career you want to pursue.Get a job. Dont expect to start your dream job fresh out of school. If you got a Ph.D., consider doing postdoctoral work. Postdocs gain additional experience and are in an excellent position to find a job.